Argumentative Essay on Abortion free essay sample

Tribe my family is Batakness. Batakness culture is still important for Bataknese and also my family. A family wants a son in a family to continue the family tree to bring the surname of the family. Tradition of Batakness is not only about family name, but was associated with the wedding culture from Bataknese. Batak society, is familiar with the term custom; the term of the king indigenous peoples to show procession. King of custom is someone who understands the tradition of Batakness. When my cousin got marriage in July 1, 2010, my parent came. My mother wore the Kebaya, and brought Ulos. Upon arrival at wedding hall, the first program was, they carry out â€Å"Manjalo Pasu-pasu Parbagason† or Marriage Blessing. The next program, I saw many people brought Ulos and sang Batakness songs, after that some people started to Mandok Hata (say something that important to the party). The wife of my cousin must walk to the family the mother and her father, so that the parents will put rice to her upper head, it is a symbol to the bride so that they receive much grace, and then the host told again to next program Gratings Ulos by Parties for the women. We will write a custom essay sample on Argumentative Essay on Abortion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After that my cousin and wife walked to the family, immediately their parents sad, because they will be separated, after that the husband and wife walked to podium and sing together. The last program is Manggarai, the words of prayer and blessing. The next program was entertainment of children, young people and also until to parents, many children went to podium for dancing and the name of dance is Manortor with music traditional Bataknese. I shocked, because my mother did not talk to me before. So, I should go and brought Ulos. I was really happy about that, because I got money from my uncle, brother and many people that also dancing. After that, I came back to my mother and I say, â€Å"Mom I got money and I have three hundred thousand rupiah† My mother laugh and said,† you have to good in Manortor, so that you get much money more than this money. And we were really happy. When I was a child, I don’t know the ceremony of Batakness, and also never saw them make the ceremony. I really want to know what they do. And now I know the traditional about my own ethnic, and it is the ceremony from Batakness. My planning, when I get married later, I want to have Batakness traditional for my wedding; because the ceremony from my ethnic is a mutual respect to each other and also teach the new bride to do the best for they own family.

The Election of 1884 - Cleveland and Blaine

The Election of 1884 - Cleveland and Blaine The election of 1884 shook up politics in the United States as it brought a Democrat, Grover Cleveland, to the White House for the first time since the administration of James Buchanan a quarter-century earlier. And the 1884 campaign was also marked by notorious mudslinging, including a paternity scandal. In an era when highly competitive daily newspapers were relaying every scrap of news about the two major candidates, it seems that rumors about Clevelands scandalous past would cost him the election. But then his opponent, James G. Blaine, a longtime political figure with a national reputation, participated in a catastrophic gaffe a week before election day. The momentum, especially in the critical state of New York, dramatically  swung from Blaine to Cleveland. And not only was the election of 1884 tumultuous, but it set the stage for several presidential elections to follow in the 19th century. Clevelands Surprising Rise to Prominence Grover Cleveland had been born in 1837 in New Jersey, but lived most of his life in New York State. He became a successful lawyer in Buffalo, New York. During the Civil War he chose to send a substitute to take his place in the ranks. That was entirely legal at the time, but he was later criticized for it. In an era when Civil War veterans dominated many facets of politics, Clevelands decision not to serve was ridiculed. In the 1870s Cleveland held a local post as sheriff for three years, but returned to his private law practice and probably anticipated no further political career. But when a reform movement swept New York State politics, the Democrats of Buffalo encouraged him to run for mayor. He served a one-year term, in 1881, and the following year ran for governor of New York. He was elected, and made a point of standing up to Tammany Hall, the political machine in New York City. Cleveland’s one term as New York’s governor positioned him to be the Democratic nominee for president in 1884. Within a span of four years, Cleveland was propelled by reform movements from his obscure law practice in Buffalo to the top spot on a national ticket. James G. Blaine, the Republican Candidate in 1884 James G. Blaine had been born into a political family in Pennsylvania, but when he married a woman from Maine he moved to her home state. Rising quickly in Maine politics, Blaine held statewide office before being elected to Congress. In Washington, Blaine served as Speaker of the House during the years of Reconstruction. He was elected to the Senate in 1876. He was also a contender for the Republican nomination for president in 1876. He  dropped out of the race in 1876 when he was implicated in a financial scandal involving railroad stocks. Blaine proclaimed his innocence, but he was often viewed with suspicion. Blaine’s political persistence paid off when he secured the Republican nomination in 1884. The 1884 Presidential Campaign The stage for the 1884 election had really been set eight years earlier, with the controversial and disputed election of 1876, when Rutherford B. Hayes took office and pledged to serve only one term. Hayes was followed by James Garfield, who was elected in 1880, only to be shot by an assassin a few months after taking office. Garfield eventually died from the gunshot wound and was succeeded by Chester A. Arthur. As 1884 approached, President Arthur sought the Republican nomination for 1884, but he wasn’t able to bring various party factions together. And, it was widely rumored that Arthur was in poor health. (President Arthur was indeed ill, and died in what would have been the middle of his second term.) With the Republican Party, which had held power since the Civil War, now in disarray, it seemed the Democrat Grover Cleveland had a good chance to win. Bolstering Cleveland’s candidacy was his reputation as a reformer. A number of Republicans who couldn’t support Blaine as they believed him to be corrupt threw their support behind Cleveland. The faction of Republicans supporting Democrats was dubbed Mugwumps by the press. A Paternity Scandal Surfaced in the 1884 Campaign Cleveland campaigned little in 1884, while Blaine ran a very busy campaign, giving about 400 speeches. But Cleveland encountered a huge obstacle when a scandal erupted in July 1884. The bachelor Cleveland, it was revealed by a newspaper in Buffalo, was having an affair with a widow in Buffalo. And it was also alleged that he had fathered a son with the woman. The accusations traveled quickly, as newspapers supported Blaine spread the story. Other newspapers, inclined to support the Democratic nominee, hustled to debunk the scandalous tale. On August 12, 1884, the New York Times reported that a committee of independent Republicans of Buffalo had investigated the charges against Cleveland. In a lengthy report, they proclaimed that the rumors, which involved charges of drunkenness as well as the purported abduction of a woman, were baseless.   The rumors, though, continued until election day. Republicans seized on the paternity scandal, mocking Cleveland by chanting the rhyme, â€Å"Ma, Ma, where’s my Pa?† Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion Created Trouble for Blaine The Republican candidate created a huge problem for himself a week before the election. Blaine attended a meeting in a Protestant church at which a minister chided those who had left the Republican Party by stating, â€Å"We don’t propose to leave our party and identify with the party whose antecedents are rum, Romanism, and rebellion.† Blaine sat quietly during the attack aimed at Catholics and Irish voters in particular. The scene was reported widely in the press, and it cost Blaine in the election, particularly in New York City. A Close Election Determines the Outcome The 1884 election, perhaps due to Cleveland’s scandal, was closer than many people expected. Cleveland won the popular vote by a narrow margin, less than half a percent, but secured 218 electoral votes to Blaine’s 182. Blaine lost the state of New York by little more than a thousand votes, and it was believed the â€Å"rum, Romanism, and rebellion† comments had been the fatal blow. The Democrats, celebrating Cleveland’s victory, took to mocking the Republican attacks on Cleveland by chanting, â€Å"Ma, Ma, where’s my Pa? Gone to the White House, ha ha ha!† Grover Cleveland’s Interrupted White House Career Grover Cleveland served a term in the White House but was defeated in his bid for reelection in 1888. However, he achieved something unique in American politics when he ran again in 1892 and was elected, thus becoming the only president to serve two terms that were not consecutive. The man who defeated Cleveland in 1888, Benjamin Harrison, appointed Blaine as his Secretary of State. Blaine was active as a diplomat, but resigned the post in 1892, perhaps hoping to once again secure the Republican nomination for president. That would have set the stage for another Cleveland-Blaine election, but Blaine wasn’t able to secure the nomination. His health failed and he died in 1893.

Where does the thoroughbred come from Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Where does the thoroughbred come from - Essay Example This paper will also show how the creation of British â€Å"Classic† races late in the eighteenth century and early in the nineteenth century changed the nature of racing and thus changed the way Thoroughbreds were being bred. Ths paper will also detail the distinctive physical appearance of the Thoroughbred which is the result of several centuries of selective breeding. The paper will also detail the history of how the breed first emerged in other countries and on other continents and how it prospers today as the hub of two multibillion dollar international industries, agribusiness and legalized gambling. This paper will also describe the way the Thoroughbred’s speed and stamina have created other breeds such as the Standardbred and The Hackney Horse. It will also discuss how the Thoroughbred has been utilized to improve other breeds of horses, such as the Quarter-Horse, the Morgan and the Irish Draught Horse. Paleontologists have traced back the origin and development of the horse about fifty million years. The species evolved from a four-toed, flat-footed herbivore known as Eohoppus, who stood only two feet high. The most ancient discoveries of the species were found in North America. Researchers believe that the horse disappeared from that continent by 10,000 B.C. and would not return until European settlers imported horses beginning in the sixteenth century. The assumption is that the Eohopppus was able to move from North America to Europe and Asia utilizing the land bridges between the continents which existed in the Ice Age. From the Eohoppus, or â€Å"Dawn Horse†, the species evolved into its present form as a grazing animal with solid hooves and strong, long teeth. It was more than four thousand years ago when man was first able to tame and domesticate the horse. Originally, they raised the species for its meat and its milk. But with the development of the chariot and then the saddle, the horse became a main source for transportation, both

Career Counseling 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Career Counseling 3 - Essay Example ring the statistics for the state in which I intend to work as a practicing counselor – Texas – the figures are generally similar to the national average, with Texas being slightly higher in most categories: the state median for wages is $28.18, with the state average for annual counseling wages is $58, 600, and the prospective job prospects for the future within the state increasing by 31% in 2018. The videos related to the counseling profession were enlightening in a number of regards; for instance, the mental health counselor video demonstrated to great regard how the profession functions by providing real life depictions of counselors in action, it also described the requirements to become a counselor in the specific field, as well as discussing benefits and disadvantages. The Bureau of Labor statistics site information on the counseling profession was perhaps the most comprehensive of all the information supplied; I greatly appreciated the detailed discussions on t he nature of the work, the potential future employment opportunities, and the necessary qualifications for the profession. I completely agree with your assessment of the information on the designated sites. I also agree that the sites were very impressive with the extent of information they contained regarding labor statistics. For instance, the information on the employment trends, including median wages and future employment opportunities for the specific profession were very enlightening material. I also agreed with you on the significant details these sites held in regards to the state specific information; while nationwide information is relevant, to gain a true understanding of the employment environment it’s necessary to have this state specific information to gain a more realistic perspective on the actual career potential within the counseling field. Ultimately, I completely agree with your assessment of the information on the labor sites. There are a great many ways in which career

Financial Crime and the Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Financial Crime and the Law - Essay Example Banks and other financial intermediaries have been developing the credibility of the economic sector over the years within the global domain. With the essence of globalization, there have been a huge amount of deviation within the mode of operations of the banks and likewise, the financial intermediation has changed rapidly in this recent time as compared to the earlier years. According to the research findings in recent years, the occurrence of the global financial crisis made it evident that the shortcomings of the laws in terms of complex nature are being associated with the crimes conducted in the specific sector, imposing huge level of impact on the legal bindings. With the changed settings of the overall financial sector, it is evident that the chances of committing heinous criminal offenses have become much easier in the current plethora. In this regard, management of different approaches is identified to impose huge level of influence on the bankers in terms of having a tendency to commit such criminal offenses that are often indulged by the unethical practices of the bankers. In the following sections this essay will make a better understanding based on the researches conducted in terms of the underlined issues with the need for motivating white-collar employees of the banks to commit such crimes. Moreover, the essay will also provide an in-depth analysis of different social dogmas that are associated with tendencies aligned with the needs of maintaining a transparent system for preventing such crimes.

Ethical Dilemmas In Uae Animal Testing Philosophy Essay

Ethical Dilemmas In Uae Animal Testing Philosophy Essay Animal testing has been eliciting continuous criticism in the past and at present. Concerning animals being used for research purposes, the concentration is focused on whether man has got any right to use them for testing and whether it is a necessity. Ethically, animal testing criticized through focus on the suffering animals are subjected to during experiments. In spite of this animal testing is also regarded as beneficial as it facilitates medical breakthrough via invention of cures and treatment procedures. The benefits offer grounds for justification of business rights in the field of animal testing. Animal Testing in UAE The UAE government in the year 2005 prepared the scene for the introduction of animal testing in Dubai under the Dubai Biotechnology and Research Park Foundation. The project was geared to enable Dubai to attain its 2010 vision of being a city with booming economy based on technological research. To achieve this, UAE ventured in to the biotechnology research and development and manufacturing business. The UAE Biotechnology majorly deals with research on medicine, genetics and stem cell. All this progress requires to a great extend the employment of animals so as to ensure the success of the project. With the government channeling a lot of resources towards the same, the argument for the government to withdraw from the same to uphold animal rights is likely to be unsuccessful. This research has also opened trade opportunities for UAE. The government has linked with other nations and business partners to ensure the supply of the required resources and delivery of end products to the ma rkets. There are no strict regulations restricting animal testing in Asian countries unlike in western countries like the UK but only activists of animal rights advocate for a check to the practice (Animal Testing in Asia, 2011). For instance, cases of cruelty on animals have been rampant but the perpetrators go unpunished due to government laxity on the matter. It is known that a law forbidding animal cruelty has long been drafted and approved by UEA government but the same has not been effected (UAE animal cruelty law, 2007). In essence, the UAE government to a great extend encourages animal testing activities which are regarded to be against ethics and morality. The campaign against animal testing is not welcomed by business activists and scientists who claim that it is not possible to ban animal testing on medical procedures and medicines. They argue that research must go on and if use of animals is banned, then man will be used for the researches. The use of humans in research proves to be fatal and could not be welcomed in the society on the base of ethics. Societal attitudes have played a role in low regard of animal rights in the context of testing. The UAE society is markedly a society with a lot of cases of animal cruelty and this reflects the reluctance to uphold animal rights. There has been an increase in reported cases of vicious deeds against animals over the recent past with pets being hanged, shot, or even drowned in acid (Gulf News, 2011). This goes on to imply the society would be unpertu rbed by animal testing which might seem as too humane to the affected animals. Animals Commonly Used In Testing Animals are used for various testing on various aspects of human life. Rabbits and guinea pigs for instance are used for cosmetics testing on shampoos, household products and body lotion for they are docile and easy to maintain where medicinal testing is carried on them to identify their toxicity. Rats and mice on the side are used for testing the genetic makeup of man and other features. Dogs are used in applied medical sciences on studies dealing with cancer, lung research, veterinary medicine, orthopedic, microbiology and in analyzing the toxicity of preservatives, chemicals, drugs and additives. Pigs are used in researching for heart diseases and cats on studies pertaining to neurology (Sengupta, 2011). The outcome of all these studies is of great importance to humans and this justifies more research in the path of saving mankind. Suffering caused to Animals Since testing is unnatural to the animals, they suffer in certain ways that they could not be suffering. Genetic manipulation for instance has led to the creation of mice with Huntingtons disease, diabetic mice and obese mice. Moreover, surgical experiments can be performed on larger animals for the practice of human surgery such as on pigs, sheep and dogs (Wise, 2004). Were it not for the animal testing, all these suffering subjected to animals could not be. However, finding the right information concerning the activity of animal testing firms in the Middle East can be so challenging given that those involved are capable of manipulating the information in media reports pertaining to animal testing. Agitators against animal testing argue that there are no valuable benefits derived from animal experiment which can justify the use of animals for the various experiments on issues pertaining to man (Lynch, 1987). Therefore, animal testing is not ethically right given that animals are subjected too much suffering during the research experiment. To make matters worse, some of these animals used for research are purposely bred for the research and their existence is viewed as research oriented. The animals in this case are bred by researchers, for their use and hence any sufferings directed to them are seen as falling within the right of the researchers. The worst problem of all is that human beings treat animals in the way that deem fit for they consider themselves as the dominant species on earth. In so doing, less attention is focused on whether it is ethically right or morally right to cause suffering to animals as long as the outcome is beneficial to man. Moreover, the motive of a nimal testing has brought great debate. Those who oppose the experiments base their argument on the fact that most studies are designed to enhance cosmetic testing rather the advancement of medical science all which are geared to boost business (Wise, 2004). One point used for faulting animal testing is its ineffectiveness in spite of the suffering. Animal testing has not been reliable in the recent past and thus the results obtained may not be extrapolated reliably to man. Furthermore, animal testing does not produce the side effects of the drugs such as hallucination and headache in animals which are common once clinical trials are conducted in man. Consequently, it is not ethical for tests such as LD 50 tests, cosmetic testing, and teaching and military defense tests being conducted on animals for they add no value to the life of man. Commercial Value of Testing In business world in the UAE, animal testing is seen as a necessity and of great significance both in academics and scientific testing. The cosmetics and pharmaceuticals companies are enabled to easily conduct animal testing than human clinical tests by the Food and Drug Administration and this enhances the process of making huge amounts of money. This is due to the fact that majority of human consumer industries such as drugs, food and cosmetics do rely on animal industry heavily as they sell their products and in turn enable these animal testing industries to earn huge returns (Sarah, 2009). In addition, the development of useful products and materials is deemed to surpass the suffering inflicted on animals which are sacrificed for these very purpose especially in the Middle East where vivisection of animals do take place. In addition, animal testing has been emphasized due to the fact that there are no available alternatives which can guarantee the elimination of animals in these testing. This situation is repulsive to people after protection of animals for they consider this activity as ethically and morally wrong. This forms an ethical dilemma due to the fact that as one group is busy supporting a process another is fighting the same. The major concern of those fighting for animals rights is the fact that there are companies dealing in the practice of supplying and breeding of animals for bioscience industry and scientific community for purposes of research and development. As these business men view this as an opportunity of making profits, they in turn breed millions of animals which are killed for purposes of experiment. This implies, for instance, that large numbers of mice are killed even though the animal welfare does not allow records concerning mice to be kept. Justification for Animal Testing The application of animal testing is ethical when applied in the field of medical science. This enables researchers in the field of medicine to come up with drugs which are effective and also ensure surgery or operation undertaken on human beings to be safe. New researchers and medical practitioners orient themselves in the field of medicine and surgery first with big animals which have near functionality like that of man, such as pigs and sheep. Additionally, testing on animals is ethical than testing on human volunteers especially in areas where the research may appear to be fatal. The business rights in the aspect of animal testing are derived from the fact that it is the right of say physiologists to study life. This involves the study of the multitude of processes that makes a living thing; from the functioning of the membrane channel, the hemodynamic of the heart, and the integrative events of the brain and electrical activity of the heart particularly in the Middle East animal industry. The physiologists view this feature as an obligation to them where they consider both the theoretical part and later test their hypothesis practically through the animal experiments. In view of the fact that the process is concerned with understanding life processes, the testing is thus to be conducted in living organisms from cells to the whole living organism and this includes animals and even human beings. Nevertheless, this has raised many ethical issues which leave one in an ethical dilemma of whether animal experiment must be in part performed on animals or on man. This is due to the fact that effective tests are based on perturbing the normal functioning of an organism and on controlled interventions so as to discover the functional genomics. Back to the ethical issue, we tend to analyze if at all we have the right of conducting such experiments which not only interfere with the life of living organisms but also inflicts pain, suffering and even the risk of death (Wise, 2004). Thus, the basic ethical dilemma arises in respect to whether it is right and justifiable for us to indulge in the physiological experiments that are in the interests of scientists which harm the interests of living beings or whether we should refrain from such scientific studies. The justification of animal testing does not end exclusively with the industry and scientific community, but is also based on societys consumption of animal food. Consumption is regarded as oppressive to the animals like research is. This aspect is well revealed on the part of business people who consider it their right to indulge in the practice of trading animal products, whether for research or consumption. Therefore, the parties involved in animal testing argue that as it is thought right for animal products to be consumed, testing on them is also no big issue and thus consider themselves both morally and ethically right when indulging in such practices. Legislation on Animal Testing Governments involvement in either supporting animal testing or working against the same is realized through laid down legislations. The Animal Welfare Act which was passed in the year 1966 apparently requires those companies dealing with the treating of animals to treat these animals with a maximum degree of humaneness thus fostering the animals rights in the long run. Despite the presence of the legislation intended to protect animals being in place the activity of inhumane animal testing has continued to be more rampant. Little has been done in the field of legislation concerning animal use in science for it only excludes any use of animals in the industry for profit purposes. Furthermore, the most conflicting things of this all is the fact that the firms dealing with animal testing are the ones responsible for funding the Biomedical Research and other centers for consumer freedom. This presents an ethical dilemma due to the fact that these animal testing firms spent huge amount of funds in purposeful research and their elimination would mean an end to the research. This therefore makes it hard for the government to close such firms for, by research funding, they play a big role in the growth of the economy. Ethical Dilemmas The key supporters of animal rights argue that even animals are subjects of life and thus are entitled to their rights. They hence call for the adoption of vegetarian diet and abolition of the animal testing or consumption of animal products which has been considered as morally important. The movement against animal testing was able to bring to an end the activity involving nerve stimulation in monkeys in 1985. The animal rights refers to equal consideration in the sense that the interests of animals are met, given that animals have the capacity to suffer both physically and mentally, they should be set free from harm and or suffering caused by human beings intentionally. Some companies in the UAE have come up with strategies aimed at discouraging animal testing. According to Lush (2011), the company does not buy products from companies that commission tests on animals. This brings out the collision of business rights against animal rights. On one side the potential suppliers of this company would feel justified to commission tests on animals while on the other side; they are excluded for disrespecting animal rights. Another ethical issue is the respect for life where man must respect the will and life of other living beings by always being responsible for their wellbeing. Though this aspect is true, it is also ethically right for man to use animals for purposes of biomedical research, food and labor. Businessmen have the right of indulging in such activities that deals with animal products or their usage to earn income (Orlans, 1998). This however brings us to an ethical dilemma given that even those who oppose the move, the animal and antivivisection activists have their right of protecting these animals. A deadlock is thus reached when neither party is willing to compromise on its stand. The fact that mostly, the ethical standards set when using human are different from the standards set when animals are used for testing also raises some ethical issues. Respect for life ought to be the guiding principle for physiological research and this necessitates ethical rules for animals which are similar to those set for human beings. This will help in coming up with rules of what should be done and what should be left out during the experiment. Thus, this calls for researchers to be responsible for their acts thus solving the major ethical dilemma facing man especially when testing physiological theories. Although this principle of respect for life is too general, animals have the right to their own life and as thus man should not do with them as they please. In essence, the advocators of animals rights argue against any use of animal or their products. Man is therefore obliged to uphold moral obligation whereby he should not cause any unnecessary pain or suffering and distre ss to animals. Given that the use of animal testing has been considered unethical, non animal testing should be done. Animals also do have their rights which ought to be protected. Among these rights is the enriched environment whereby the environment in which the animals are confined to is full of things to satisfy the animals species specific needs. This is meant to promote the well being of the animals. Refinement should be undertaken and the discomfort decreased through the provision of necessary anesthesia, care and analgesia. In addition, the animal is entitled to euthanize which is intended to prevent unnecessary suffering to animals through improvement of experimental procedures and determination of a humane end point (Wise, 2004). The future of animal testing is rather promising. This is due to the fact that developments are on the way of coming up with other new alternatives for the use of animals for testing. Technological advancement in the world today has led more research which was once conducted on vivisection to be done on other fields such as computer modeling, improved statistical design, synthetic skin and lastly the Murine Local Lymph Node Assay (MLNA). In addition, the non animal testing methods have proved to be relevant and viable for it encourages a realistic consideration of rather ethical and scientific issues involved in the replacement of animals in medical experiments for non animals. This can be well elaborated by three Rs which are: Refinement, Reduction and Replacement where suffering and distress are minimized in animals. Refinement is necessary given that some tests cannot be conducted in the absence of animals which must be there so as to offer the necessary results required. Reduction of the number of animals is also relevant and lastly is Replacement whereby much emphasis is laid in trying to replace the animals with other non animal resources for research. Furthermore, the fact that animal testing helps in the identification of cures for most incurable diseases, the fight against it in whole does not augur well. One is left to wonder on what discouraging animal testing would do on the struggle towards life saving and what should actually be done towards the attainment of the cures. Business people dealing in animal products daily continue to get more markets for cosmetics and household products derived from animals (Singer, 1990). One is left to wonder which side to support even as he tries to consider both sides. In terms of ethical dilemmas, there is a real battle between the supporters of animal rights and the supporters of business rights. For businessmen, they are to maximize their supply due to expansion of the market of their products and in so doing more animals products are to be involved. The rights of businesses is seen as a threat to the animal population given that the number of animals being employed in the process will increase leaving no room for any development to be done towards the fight for animal rights. One is therefore left to wonder which of the two groups is in the right, for both have their own right which must be respected at all cost, hence an ethical dilemma. When seeking treatment for chronic diseases such as cancer, asthma among others, the animal testing proves to be very essential. The research helps in the identification of the possible cures for the disease. Typically, the research tends to be beneficial to both animals and man. The identification of a drug for certain diseases can be of mutual benefit given that human and animals have got some commonness. Thus, although it appears to be ethically wrong to use animals in testing, it is also regarded ethical when the finding is used for the benefits of animals also. This forms another ethical dilemma for those opposed to animal testing given that the process or research appears to be fulfilling on either side. The proper moral treatment that can be directed to animals is allowing them to possess certain features such as sentience, cognitive capacities, sociability, capacity to flourish and possession of life. The ethical aspect here is arrived when one is in the process of discovering the level of injury inflicted on either animals or man. To some, it is ethically right for research which is conducted on animals such as a mouse for it helps in ascertaining the safety of important chemicals. This chemical is further considered to be of great importance for it is a trade commodity that has high demand in society. The major struggle in this part is in the definition of the limit on moral grounds. According to animal rights activists they argue that animals are experimented mostly out of the curiosity of scientists. They chop, starve or burn them so as to maybe yield something that could be of benefit to human. Some of these experiments could only be right if conducted on cases which do not have alternatives. The campaigns are therefore on the ways of minimizing harm on these creatures and safeguard benefits derived from these experiments. Further discussion brought forward is that although animals lives deserve some respect, the respect is not comparable to those deserved by human lives. The introduction of vaccines, new surgical techniques, artificial limbs and organs and new cancer therapies are as a result of animal testing (Orlans, 1998). Thus, human welfare must be dealt with first than focusing so much attention on animals. The argument for or against animal testing can be settled after a careful consideration of the goals of the research and on whether there is a great probability of success in the experiment. Once this has been obtained, a close focus should be on the animal being used for the experiment and the possible effect presented in the question thereof. This necessitates deeper analysis of these factors that helps in the identification of the need for the testing in order to identify the relevance of the research. If the study is seen to be of great significance to society at large, with less negative effects on the animals in question, then the research can be conducted. But before that, the possible alternatives present instead of animals should be presented so as to protect their interest and to guard against adverse human actions. Despite all these considerations being put in place, coming up with a concrete conclusion on the matter is not easy given that each party possesses different pe rception in respect to ones leaning (Lynch, 1987). The aspect of ethics has been left on the hands either advocates and they are the ones who are to decide on what is moral. This leaves us in an ethical dilemma for we are torn between which side to follow in the argument towards morality and ethics in animal testing. Animal testing has all along been implemented in order to obtain treatments and vaccines for the purposes of benefiting man and to some extent those animals which are beneficial to man. Researchers in the field harm as many animals as required to find treatments and procedures. Animal testing has resulted to major breakthroughs in the medical field and in case this stops due to animal rights then further developments in the fields will be compromised. The animal testing is viewed as a way of extending human life even though millions of animals are being killed yearly for the purpose of the same. The big question is what about the lives of animals. Are they also not important to deserve protection from pain, suffering and even unnecessary deaths? Focusing on both arguments one comes to a conclusion that all the two parties are right and that something must be done in the middle of this conflict in order to solve this ethical dilemma. Lastly, coming to firm conclusion of what is right and what is wrong in this field of animal testing is all together a difficult decision. Animal rights activists are right to fight for the welfare of animals and are the business rights activists who are for the use of animals in their experiments so as to save mankind and other non human species. Thus, the issue of animal testing is a most challenging ethical dilemma in the present world. Alternatives to animal testing to be implemented today and in the future includes; human clinical tests, in-vitro tests, computer software, animal parts and to some small extend animals especially where alternatives are not applicable. Alternatives to animal testing researches should be conducted to pave way for more advanced technology for use in finding solutions especially pertaining to human welfare. Conclusion In conclusion, animal testing poses ethical dilemma given that the research is morally and ethically unacceptable. On the other hand doing away with the research which proves to be of mutual benefits to both man and animals is untenable. This is because the research involving animals is ethically right especially when the benefits outweigh the costs and when all possible steps are being implemented to reduce suffering to animals. In summary, human do conduct tests on animals simply because they can and not out the fact that it is right for them to do so. The future of animal testing can however be based in the three Rs campaigns which are Reduction, Refinement and Replacement. This will ensure that the total number of animals used for the research is reduced, the suffering being minimized and animals are to a great extent replaced by non animals.

Irony in Sophocles Oedipus the King Essays -- Oedipus Rex Essays

Irony in Sophocles' Oedipus In the play "Oedipus," irony is used frequently as and as eloquently by Sophocles to the reveal theme of seeking knowledge. Not knowing the King of Thebes, Oedipus, gives speeches on finding the murderer of the King of Laias and how wretched the poor soil will be when the truth is revealed. " Then once more I must bring what is dark to light†¦, whoever killed King Laios might- who knows?-might decide at any moment to kill me as well. By avenging the murder of the King, I protect myself, (Sophocles 1109). The speech shows how dedicated Oedipus in the pursuit of the murderer and not only the avenge of the King but to save himself. He will not be saving but adding down to his life. Oedipus doesn't realize he is in pursuit of himself. He continues his speech "Moreover: If anyone knows the murderer to be foreign, Let him not keep silent: he shall have his reward from him," ( 1112). With his own words he asks for the truth. But he can't handle the truth, for he has no idea what he is asking for or for whom he is searching for. He also states that he wants t...

The Accounting Profession In Society Accounting Essay

Accounting has traditionally been viewed by society as drilling, boring and humdrum figure crunching. Consequently, pupils who have perceived that they are non ‘good with Numberss ‘ may hold steered off from accounting as a major class of survey and as a calling pick. Initially, the literature reappraisal examines secondary school pupils ‘ perceptual experiences of the work of an comptroller and the accounting profession. It is followed with a reappraisal of the cardinal factors act uponing pupils ‘ perceptual experiences. Last, the position of accounting compared to other professions will be examined.2.2 The Accounting profession in societyTypically, comptrollers have been referred to as figure crunchers, concentrating on numerical truth, everyday recording and computation methods ( Parker, 2000 ) . Albrecht and Sack ( 2000 ) , Cory ( 1992 ) , and Garner and Dombrowski ( 1997 ) attributed these negative perceptual experiences to misinformation or deficiency o f information about what accounting is and the nature of the responsibilities that comptrollers performed. Napier and Carnegie ( 2007 ) noted that accounting has been described as an progressively societal pattern instead than a proficient pattern as it competes with other professional groups and businesss to pull and retain endowments. As a calling, accounting has come under examination in many ways ( Ajibolade, 2008 ; Adeyeye et al. , 2010 ) , peculiarly in epochs of corporate prostration. Research conducted by Mladenovic ( 2000 ) showed that pupils tend to comprehend accounting as chiefly numerical, nonsubjective and non-controversial, and are less able to comprehend the importance of originative opinion and communicating accomplishments for comptrollers. In Malaysia, several surveies have shown that accounting professions are still popular amongst the pupils ( Goon, 1975, Samidi and Tew 1995 ; Hashim et Al, 2003 and Said et al. , 2004 ) . For illustration: Goon ( 1975 ) found that the bulk of her respondents had chosen accounting as a profession. Samidi and Tew ( 1995 ) reported that the profession is still the most popular pick 20 old ages subsequently. Said et Al. ( 2004 ) found that the accounting profession ranked amongst the two most preferable callings given by the public and private university pupils. Mladenovic ( 2000 ) found that Australian university pupils tend to comprehend accounting as chiefly numerical, nonsubjective and non-controversial, with an affinity towards mathematics and statistics. Futhermore, surveies conducted in the USA, Canada and the UK ( Luscombe, 1988 ; Cohen & A ; Hanno, 1993 ; Fisher & A ; Murphy, 1995 ) show that many pupils form an feeling that ‘accountants are dull, deadening figure crunchers. ‘ Furthermore, surveies in the US have found that secondary school pupils believe that a grade in accounting would be utile to person who wants disputing work ( 74 % ) , or to be President or CEO of a major company ( 81 % ) ( Hartwell et al. 2005 ) . Hartwell et Al. ‘s ( 2005 ) survey besides found that contrary to the stereotype, merely 39 % of respondents agreed that accounting is predictable and stays the same, while 56 % indicated that accounting would be utile for person who wants assortment in work. The accounting profession certifies certain degrees of expertness, instruction, and experience of single comptrollers and these enfranchisements can be added to their list of certificates so the client can anticipate a certain degree of competency. Accountancy is one of the prima professions, good sought after by many in society today. For some clip, as a calling, it has enjoyed a comparative advantage in footings of wage, prestigiousness and occupation satisfaction.2.3 Images of comptrollersHarmonizing to the AICPA ( 2000 ) , most pupils can non accurately depict the work of comptrollers, their duties or the chances available in the accounting profession. These positions are farther supported by a figure of writers. Cobbs ( 1976 ) belittles the profession for neglecting to inform the populace on what comptrollers do and inquiries the ability of the profession to make so. Parker ( 2000 ) blames the ineffectualness of professional organic structure advertisement on the deficiency of a pprehension, and Smith & A ; Briggs ( 1999 ) blame inaction of the profession on the hapless perceptual experience. McMurdy ( 1997 ) sees the linguistic communication used by comptrollers as confounding the populace and maintaining them in the dark about what accounting is. Assorted research studies have been conducted to find how scholars ( who are still at school ) and pupils ( who are analyzing at third establishments ) perceive the work of the comptroller. Students and scholars perceive comptrollers to be reasonably isolated ( Oswick, Barber & A ; Speed 1994 ; Coate, Mitschow & A ; Schinski 2003 ; Heiat, Brown & A ; Johnson 2007:96 ) , tiring ( Cohen & A ; Hanno 1993, Hunt et Al. 2004 ; Byrne & A ; Willis 2005 ; Heiat et Al. 2007:96 ) , formal and introspective persons ( Coate et al. 2003 ) , concerned with item ( Hunt et al. 2004 ) and compliance-driven ( Byrne & A ; Willis 2005 ) . Research workers have besides concluded that small or no advancement has been made in chase awaying the uncomplimentary image of comptrollers, despite the profession ‘s representation of modern-day accounting patterns as dynamic environments necessitating people with creativeness and critical thought accomplishments ( as depicted in table 1 ) ( Fisher & A ; Murphy 1995 ; Mladenovic 2000 ; Coate et Al. 2003 ; Byrne & A ; Willis 2005 ) . But other research, major accounting houses grew really rapidly during the 1980s. The proportion of university alumnuss come ining traineeships with accounting houses peaked at over 10 % in 1987 and is presently running at about 8 % . In other several surveies in the instruction literature besides have identified that pupils shared a common belief that the accounting environment offer a higher supply of occupations compared to other countries of concern ( Paolillo and Estes, 1982 ; Wheeler, 1983 ; Cangelosi et al. , 1985 ; Kochanek and Norgaard, 1985 ) . Of effect, such belief plays an of import function in taking their calling determinations in accounting. Students frequently perceived accounting calling as extremely honoring in footings of finance and position. These perceptual experiences frequently come from their collegiate experiences. However, these perceptual experiences in world may non be true.2.4 Percepts of Accounting Study at SchoolThe demand to enroll pupils interested in accounting as a profession, has led many research workers garnering grounds from high school pupils in relation to the exposure they have received about accounting. Byrne and Willis ( 2005 ) found that the chief factors to act upon secondary school pupils ‘ perceptual experiences of accounting were the survey of the topic in school, the factual media and their instructors. In the Byrne and Willis ( 2005 ) survey, pupils who were analyzing accounting at secondary school had a less negative image of accounting compared to those non analyzing accounting. However they still held a traditional position of the profession and of the work of the comptroller. Byrne and Willis ( 2005 ) found that the ground for the findings was due to the fact that the nature of the accounting teaching method being experienced by secondary school pupils was non significantly chase awaying preexistent negative perceptual experiences or giving them a realistic feeling of accounting patterns. In fact, anterior research undertaken by Byrne and Willis ( 2001 ) into the secondary school accounting class provides grounds that secondary schools emphasized mechanical clerking and appraisal advancing rote acquisition. This attack is likely to corroborate instead than dispute pupils ‘ traditional stereotyped position of the work of an comptroller and the profession. Byrne and Willis ( 2005 ) recommended that the profession should seek to act upon the content of the course of study in secondary schools to guarantee that the work of an comptroller is seen as less definite, precise and conformity driven and more interesting. These determination are similar to that of Inman ‘s et al. ‘s. ( 1989 ) survey. Students ‘ experiences with uninteresting accounting coursework and rote acquisition may besides deter the best pupils from prosecuting an accounting major ( Inman et al, 1989 ) . Students are more likely to take an accounting major when they consider accounting interesting and gratifying ( Saeman & A ; Crooker, 1999 ) . Tan and Laswad ( 2009 ) showed that a higher proportion of accounting pupils than other concern pupils decide on their major prior to university survey. Therefore they recommended that the profession should advance the positive facets of an accounting calling non merely to pre-university pupils but besides to the populace, as this scheme would heighten the public profile of members of the profession. There is grounds to propose that the accounting course of study in secondary schools may be playing a portion in footings of pupils ‘ perceptual experiences of account ing, which may non needfully bespeak the true nature of the profession.2.5 How to give a positive perceptual experience of Accounting to pupils?Harmonizing to Albrecht and Sack ( 2000 ) , one manner to increase the figure of pupils majoring in accounting would be for the profession to pass on more efficaciously what occupations comptrollers really perform. The broad scope of calling options available to comptrollers should be emphasized peculiarly to high school pupils and college fresher. By efficaciously pass oning the properties of an accounting calling, the widespread perceptual experience that the work is deadening and uninteresting should be countered. Another manner to successfully enroll pupils to accounting is to emphasize the long-run fiscal wagess and occupations security of the profession. It appears that those who choose to major in accounting realize that possible exists for both a high income and stable employment in their callings. Given the recent negative imperativeness environing the accounting profession, layoffs and ethical jobs could finally turn out to be a much bigger barrier to choice of an accounting major that has traditionally been perceived. The horror narratives of failed callings of Anderson employees may good hold a negative impact on accounting registrations, because accounting big leagues place a high accent on occupation security. Finally, comptrollers must be wise and proactive in keeping the image of accounting as a esteemed profession. Failing to turn to the recent moving ridge of dirts is the wrong attack. They need to pass on that the accounting profession has historically been regarded as the prot otype of ethical and professional behavior and that the profession will one time once more rise to the challenges it faces today. The AICPA and some province societies have introduced several plans and selling stuffs designed to pull pupils to accounting. Employers and universities besides have a interest in pulling pupils to accounting callings. L.Hartwell, S.Lightle and Maxwell suggested that enrolling attempts should get down early and should stress the ambitious nature of accounting work and supply specific information about get downing wages. Rather than avoiding treatment of the recent accounting dirts, recruiters should see utilizing them as an illustration of the critical function accounting dramas in our capital markets. Change by reversaling the diminution in accounting registrations will non go on overnight, and can non be achieved in isolation. It will necessitate creativeness and cooperation among pedagogues and practicians, and perchance alterations in the profession itself. A particular undertaking force, Accounting Careers for Tomorrow ( ACT ) , have studied research and discussed the issues environing steep registration diminutions in college accounting plans. They determined that the WICPA must make consciousness of calling chances among high school pupils, and instructors, every bit good as others. ACT has concluded that the WICPA and its members must bring forth these positive perceptual experiences about the profession: Accounting is a profession, non a occupation Accounting is interesting, disputing and strategic An Accounting grade is a good footing for a calling2.6 Status of Accounting Compared with Other ProfessionsStudents are more likely to draw a bead on to a calling that is held in high regard by society. Irish high school pupils ranked comptrollers behind physicians, attorneies, tooth doctors and designers as professionals ( Byrne & A ; Willis, 2005 ) . However, in the Byrne and Willis ( 2005 ) study the existent ranking of accounting as a profession varied between accounting pupils ( who ranked it 5th ) and non-accounting pupils ( who ranked it 7th ) of 10 professional classs. In the US the Gallup Organisation ( 1991 ) reported that university pupils rated the profession last among the six professions of jurisprudence, medical specialty, instruction, technology, fiscal planning and accounting. In a New Zealand survey integrating the positions of high school instructors, the consequences showed that the accounting profession was of lower ranked societal position to the professions of jurisprudence, medical specialty and technology ( Wells & A ; Fieger, 2005 ) .2.7 Percept on prosecuting professional scrutinySome accounting pupils think that it is hard to go through the professional accounting programmes and merely few finalists passed with merely one effort ( Omar, 2009 ) . Jackling ( 2002 ) , examined Australian undergraduate pupils and discovered that skewed images toward the accounting profession has led to a failure in pulling pupils with creativeness and people-oriented personalities that are so urgently sought by the profession. Some pupils besides believed that professional accounting programmes are more hard than degree programmes, hence it is merely suited for those who are disciplined and extremely committed pupils and merely those with first-class cumulative clas s point sum ( CGPA ) can prosecute professional accounting programmes ( Omar, 2009 ) . Some pupils feel that it is better for them to prosecute other programmes instead than professional accounting programmes because of these perceptual experience that they heard, chiefly about the figure of efforts that most of the professional accounting pupils needed to do in order to finish the professional survey ( Omar, 2009 ) . This shows that pupils still have bad perceptual experience toward the professional accounting programmes. Harmonizing to the survey by Mazlina & A ; Mohammad ( 2012 ) , questionnaires used was adapted by Omar ( 2009 ) . They were distributed to 120 concluding twelvemonth accounting pupils in a public university in Malaysia. Majority of the respondents were female pupils than male pupils and about 69.9 % of the respondents were female and most of them ( 96.2 % ) were individual. The survey suggested that near to 70 % of the respondents would wish to work instantly after graduation and another 30 % would wish to prosecute their surveies after graduation. This determination suggested the importance of accounting lectors and practicians, every bit good as the related ministry to actively advancing and supplying information about being the professional comptrollers to the pupils, in order to positively act upon their perceptual experience and pull them to be a professional.2.7.1 Skill demands to be an effectual comptrollerProfessional accounting organic structures have long been recommending that in order to go a member of that profession, specific accomplishments should be acquired. Table 1 summarises the accomplishments demands of the undermentioned professional accounting organic structures: the Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia ( ICAA ) , the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants ( CICA ) , the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales ( ICAEW ) , the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants ( AICPA ) , the New Zealand Institute of Chartered Accountants ( NZICA ) and the South African Institute of Chartered Accountants ( SAICA ) .Generic accomplishmentsICAA ( 2011 )CICA ( 2011 )ICAEW ( 2011 )AICPA ( 2011 )NZICA ( 2011 )SAICA ( 2011 )Problem work outing****Communication******Strategic thinking/ alteration direction*****Business consciousness****Professional and proficient ability******IT skills*****Report writing/ presentation**Table 1: Skills demandsFrom this list of accomplishments demands ( table 1 ) , it can be deduced that comptrollers need to be effectual communicators, able to believe and move strategically, able to work out jobs, be cognizant of concern issues and be professionally and technically competent. The accountant therefore demands to hold satisfactory interpersonal accomplishments because of the regular interaction with clients, to be originative in work outing jobs, doing determinations and planning for the hereafter and to be effectual communicators.2.8 Key Factors Influencing Perceptions of the Accounting ProfessionThe accounting instruction literature has suggested that pupils ‘ perceptual experience derived from assorted beginnings. Several factors have been linked to influences on a pupil ‘s calling pick in accounting. Harrison ( 1998 ) points out that it is non merely pupils ‘ ain perceptual experiences that affect their calling determinations but besides the perceptual experiences of those around them. The 12 factors that influenced the pupils ‘ determ inations included calling chances, involvement in the topic, teacher, money, parents, enjoyment, old experience, life manner offered because of the calling, challenge, prestigiousness, utility in runing a concern, and other pupils. Therefore pupils may be influenced by their instructors at school, parents, relations or friends. However, anterior research on the impact of instructors on a pupil ‘s determination to major in accounting has produced inconclusive and assorted consequences. Some surveies have shown that instructors do non play a important function in pupils ‘ pick of big leagues ( Cangelosi et al. , 1985 ; Gul et al. , 1989 ) . In contrast, other surveies ( e.g.Paolillo and Estes 1982 ; Hermanson and Hermanson 1995 ; Geiger and Ogilby 2000 ; Mauldin et al. , 2000 ) have found referents to hold an influence on pupils ‘ determination to major. The grounds sing the influence of others, e.g. parents and friends is besides inconclusive. Other surveies have besides examined pupils ‘ perceptual experience on the accounting calling. One issue being examined is the standards in taking accounting as a calling ( Carpenter and Strawser, 1970 ; Poallilo and Estes, 1982 ; Haswell and Holmes, 1988 ; Gul et al. , 1989 ; Carcello et al. , 1991 ; DeZoort et al. , 1997 ) . These surveies by and large found salary as one of the top five standards act uponing calling determination ( Carpenter and Strawser, 1970 ; Haswell and Holmes, 1988 ; Gul et al. , 1989 ; Horowitz and Riley, 1990 ) . Specifically, Carpenter and Strawser ( 1970 ) found that the top 5 standards are foremost, nature of work, followed by chances for promotion, get downing salary, working status and occupation security. On the other manus, Haswell and Holmes ( 1988 ) found occupation handiness as the top standard, followed by chances of publicity, wage, occupation security and occupation satisfaction. Paollio and Estes ( 1982 ) found that handiness of employment as the most of import factor. Net incomes possible, old ages of instruction required, aptitude for the topic and instructor influence have a greater impact on calling pick for comptrollers compared to the other professional groups. Other surveies found that chance for advancement considerations to be act uponing the pick of a calling in accounting ( Trump and Hendrikson, 1970, Barnhart, 1971, Zikmund et al. 1977 ) . Shivaswamy and Hanks ( 1985 ) reported that occupation security is ranked first by accounting pupils in their survey. Kim et al. , ( 2002 ) conducted a survey on concern big leagues ( e.g. accounting, finance, general concern, direction, selling, MIS/CIS, and dual major ) . They discovered that the top five grounds for taking a major were: involvement in a calling associated with the major, good occupation chances, â€Å" good tantrum † with respondents ‘ abilities, a desire to run a concern some twenty-four hours, and projected net incomes in the related calling. The least selected grounds for taking a major were the repute of the major at the university, the sensed quality of direction, the parents ‘ influence, the sum and type of promotional information, and the influence of friends. Yayla and Cengiz, ( 2005 ) determined five factors that play a function in taking an accounting calling. Those factors were pupils ‘ ain pick, household and close environment consequence, interesting profession, net incomes outlooks and calling chances. In contrast, Dinc ( 2008 ) utilized factor analysis and determined the following seven chief factors in make up one's minding calling pick: great net incomes outlooks, calling outlooks, occupation experience, cognition and ability, household environment, societal position, and instruction environment. Factors as recounted above approximately taking a calling in accounting field or non can be divided into two chief groups: internal and external factors. The internal factors may include personal abilities, mathematical competence, and involvement in the field. These factors do non depend on the pupils ‘ geographical country. Whereas the external factors, such as calling chances, degree of salary a calling offers and the societal position that the calling would supply are variable in assorted geographical countries. For illustration, while there are good occupation chances in one geographical country, another geographical country may non offer the same chances.2.9 Gender EffectssTurner & A ; Bowen ( 1999 ) examined the gender spread in pick of major, specifically, the under-representation of adult females in the scientific disciplines and technology in the ninetiess. They suggest that this phenomenon may by cultural and that gender and socialisation skills/expectations may take males and females to hold different career-choice penchants. The Taylor Report ( 2000 ) states that compared to college pupils in general, accounting big leagues are more likely to be female. To the best of our cognition, merely two surveies to day of the month hold examined the chairing consequence of gender on the pick of business/accounting as a major. Leppel et Al. ( 2001 ) found that female pupils are more likely to be influenced in pick of major by a professional male parent, and that adult females from â€Å" high † socioeconomic backgrounds are less likely to major in concern. Both statements were found to be the opposite for males. Lowe & A ; Simons ( 1997 ) found that female accounting big leagues ranked â€Å" the built-in nature of the capable affair † more of import than did male accounting big leagues ; females in their survey placed a higher value on the â€Å" ability to win academically in the major, † in the major being â€Å" intellectually ambitious, † and in â€Å" coverage of interesting capable affair † in their determination to take a major. This was non true for all female respondents, merely those taking account ing as a major. Research into gender differences sing perceptual experiences of comptrollers indicate that males, compared with females, perceive the accounting profession as more interesting and necessitating a higher grade of interaction ( Heiat et al. 2007:94 ) . There have been some alterations in accounting. In New Zealand, chartered accountant rank Numberss for adult females have been lifting and adult females are more often going national councilors and other office carriers. However, even in the Institute adult females have still to make a place of equality with work forces. Womans may hold been able to come in the accounting profession but that has non needfully intend that they have been every bit successful as work forces in busying all countries of the profession. Wootten and Kemmerer agreed with Ciancanelli et Al. ( 1990 ) and Welsh ( 1992 ) that â€Å" gender transmutation of a work force does non needfully intend gender transmutation within a work force † . In New Zealand in 2001, Whiting & A ; Wright carried out a postal study of public comptrollers. From this they noted that merely five per centum of female respondents were spouses, or held tantamount senior places, while 40 per centum of male respondents were spouses. Womans in the United States were more involved in what was considered the less demanding and therefore lower paid scrutinizing work and less involved in the ego directed and independent countries of confer withing. They were non encouraged to set about high profile work or cover straight with clients. Whether or non these businesss required university degree makings, adult females have been over represented in them. In New Zealand in 1984, about 70 per centum of the full-time labor force in clerking and cashier-type businesss were female as were 90 three per centum of parttime bookkeepers and tellers. Today adult females are over-represented in the College of Accounting Technician within the New Zealand Institute. The b ulk of New Zealand chartered comptrollers are still male and most accounting technicians are female. In New Zealand throughout the 20th century, there have normally been a higher per centum of adult females than work forces in professional businesss. However, surveies of these figures have systematically revealed that the bulk of the professions have remained male dominated and adult females have concentrated in a few professional businesss. Davies and Jackson showed the significance of the rise in Numberss of adult females in these once male dominated professions in New Zealand between 1971 and 1991. For illustration, the legal profession had a 12 hundred per centum addition in adult females going attorneies in those twenty old ages, while dental medicine had an eight hundred and forty one per centum addition. Accounting ‘s addition was a somewhat smaller at seven hundred and 30 eight per centum. Many professions showed similar rises with most being of a proportion that was greater than one hundred per centum.

Conclusions - concentration affecting lipase Essays - Free Essays

Conclusions - concentration affecting lipase Essays - Free Essays Conclusions - concentration affecting lipase It is clear from the graphs, tables and statistical processes carried out that generally, increasing the volume of lipase increases the change in pH of the solution and also the rate of change of the pH of the solution. This has been proved by the increasing values of standard deviation for higher volumes of lipase, the generally larger maximum change in pH for the higher volumes of lipase and also by the shape and gradients of the graphs drawn. Although there have been anomalies, having used the t-test it can be seen that it is far more likely that the results are not down to chance, but due to the differences between the volumes of lipase being compared. The only differences between each volume of lipase are the number of enzymes and therefore active sites present in the solution. The reason for higher volumes of lipase decreasing the pH more quickly and by a larger amount can be explained by the number of enzymes present and the hydrolysis reaction taking place between the lipids present in the full fat milk. Lipase oxidises triglycerides, using three molecules of water to break the 3 ester bonds and to produce a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids. Lipids, because of their hydrophobic fatty acid tails do not dissolve in water, and so during fat digestion in the human body, these lipids must first be emulsified by bile salts such as sodium glycocholate and sodium taurocholate. The release of bile into the duodenum is stimulated by the hormone CCK. For human digestion, the bile salts break down the fat droplets present in the lumen of the small intestine into tiny globules helping them to disperse into the watery fluids in the intestine. The lipase enzyme however is made of a globular protein, and because of the hydrophilic R' groups on the outside of its structure the enzyme can dissolve in water. In my experiment, the volume of bile salts and full fat milk remained constant, so the amount to which the globules of fat present in the full fat milk were emulsified should have remained t he same for each volume of lipase. The bile salts should have enabled the lipase enzymes to act on more lipids present in the solution. As can be seen with some volumes of lipase, the pH first rose before it started to steadily fall, this may have been related to the fact that the bile salts were still emulsifying the fats. If the globules of fat were large, then their surface area available to the active site of the lipase enzymes would have been much smaller and so the rate of the reaction would have proceeded at a much slower rate. The fact that the bile salts also contains hydrogen carbonate ions can also explain why the pH after one minute was relatively alkali, approximately varying between 7.30 - 9.73. The optimum pH for the lipase acting in the duodenum of the small intestine is approximately 7.00, so theoretically, the 5.00ml3 of lipase should have been at a slight disadvantage despite the fact that it actually produced the fastest rate of change of pH for experiment 2. Following the emulsification of the lipids present in the full fat milk, the lipase would have then collided with the tiny globules of fat, forming enzyme-substrate complexes. The lipase would have then broken the 3 ester bond holding the triglyceride together in a hydrolysis reaction requiring three molecules of water. In the human body, the products of this reaction would most likely be converted to other things or stored in adipose tissue, rather than accumulating and creating an acidic environment. In the liver, the fatty acids can be converted to acetyl coenzyme A, which can then be fed into the Krebs cycle, while the glycogen can be phosphorylated to triose phosphate, an intermediate in glycolysis. Clearly in the test tube no such processes would be happening as there are no hepatocytes present in the solution and no respiring organisms (provided the test tube was sterile). The fatty acids and glycerol would have therefore accumulated in the test tube. Glycerol is an alcohol and looking at its material safety data

Narrative Therapy Essays

Narrative Therapy Essays Narrative Therapy Paper Narrative Therapy Paper { tf1ansiansicpg1252deff0deflang1033{fonttbl{f0fromanfprq2fcharset0 Times New Roman;}} {*generator Msftedit 5. 41. 21. 2509;}viewkind4uc1pardfi360sb100sa100f0fs24 Narrative Therapy is an approach to counseling that centers people as the experts in their own lives. This therapy intends to view problems as separate entities to people, assuming that the individual quote s set of skills, experience and mindset will assist him/her reduce the influence of problems throughout life. This therapeutic approach intends to place the individual in both the leading role and author roles: switching the view from a narrow perspective to a systemic and more flexible stance. The aim is to help clients realize what forces are influencing their lives and to focus on the positive aspects of the lquote play quote . In many events of our lives, we tend to focus on particular things and ignore others. Analyzing our lives as a play, or a system, helps us understand the different forces and roles that are influencing our behavior. This in turn gives us flexibility to invoke the necessary changes for improvement. It is a highly respectful, effective, non-blaming approach. It theorizes that people organize their lives into stories, and that individual are not the ldblquote problem dblquote the problem is the problem. It views people as having many skills, beliefs, and abilities that will help them reduce the influence of problems in their lives. The focus is not on the lquote experts quote solving problems, it is the individual discovering through conversations of their hidden possibilities within themselves. par Narrative therapy was originally developed during the 1970 quote s and 1980 quote s, but became prevalent in North America during the 1990 quote s. The founders are Michael White a Psychotherapist and David Epston a S. S. W professor. Michael was a social worker, family therapist, author and co-director of the Dulwich Centre in Adelaide, South Australia. He quote s known for his work with children, schizophrenia, anorexia/bulimia, men quote s violence, trauma, as well as the Indigenous Aboriginal communities. David Epston is an author, co-author and editor of many articles and books on lquote Narrative Therapy quote . He is a professor in the Social Work field, and the co-director of the Family Therapy article page Centre in Auckland New Zealand. He worked closely with Michael White on developing Narrative Therapy approach by integrating different forms of therapy together. par The Basic concepts of narrative therapy is to enable people to tell their stories in ways that make them stronger and Enables people who are experiencing hardship to make a contribution to others who are also experiencing hard times. It Encourages individuals, couples, and families to more fully explore other possible ways of making sense of their situations as well as supports to break free of restricting narratives. It also maximizes the existing capabilities and resources the individual may have. The core concept in Narrative Therapy is that our lives, identities and sense of self are shaped and made up by the meaning we attribute to our experiences which, roughly speaking, are simply stated the stories we tell ourselves to ourselves and eventually to others. When a person seeks therapy it is because their story is problem-saturated and has also became the person quote s dominant story in their life. When this story is told to a narrative therapist they don quote t contend the fact that it is true or false whatsoever, but simply, that it is subject to the distortion and removal which all our memories and experiences are subject to, that it is a slim description. par The techniques that narrative therapists use have to do with the telling of the story. They may examine the story and look for other ways to tell it differently or to understand it in other ways. In doing so, they find it helpful to put the problem outside of the individual, thus externalizing it. They look for unique outcomes: positive events that are in contrast to a problem-saturated story. dblquote (Sharf, 2004). The 3 main technique used are Firstly Externalizing the Problem. In Narrative Therapy the problem becomes the enemy of the story. Certain behaviors are based on particular lquote unhealthy quote or lquote undesired quote characteristics, such as lack of patience, aggressiveness, etc. Thus, they are approached as not a part of the client but as an opposing force which needs to be lquote defeated quote . An example would be a child that has a very bad temperament and tends to be aggressive to other kids at school and his parents. The child might feel guilty for his temperament and blame it on himself (ldblquote I don quote t know85 it is the way I am85 dblquote ). The counselor will work with him towards isolating that undesired trait (aggressiveness) and placing it as an external trait endash not a characteristic of the individual. This strategy helps clients re-construct their own stories in a way which will reduce the incidence of the problem in order to eliminate negative outcomes and reinforce personal development and achievement. The protagonist becomes the author and re-writes the story constructively. Secondly Unique Outcomes if a story is full of problems and negative events, the counselor will attempt to identify the exceptional positive outcomes. When exploring unique positive outcomes in the story, the counselor will assist the client in redeveloping the narrative with a focus on those unique outcomes. This assists the client in empowering him/herself by creating a notion that those unique outcomes can prevail over the problems. Think about this analogy: you are a novel writer. You were given a novel to review and publish the way you prefer. You have read it and found it generally poor, but there were some interesting ideas which you liked. You selected these ideas, and re-write the novel around them. You can make a flawed story become a bestseller. Finally Alternative Narratives The focus of Narrative Therapy is to explore the strengths and positive aspects of an individual through his or her narrative. Therefore, the main objective of this therapeutic approach is to improve the person quote s perspective internally (reflective) and externally (towards the world and others). Alternative narratives are a simple way to relate to this concept. This technique works in combination with unique outcomes. How? The individual will reconstruct a personal story using unique outcomes, therefore, focusing on the positive aspects of a previous story in order to achieve a desired outcome. This process is based on the premise that any person can continually and actively re-author their own life. By creating alternative perspectives on a narrative (or event within the narrative) the counselor is able to assist the client in bringing about a new narrative which will help combat the lquote problems quote . This is similar to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy as it aims to create a positive perspective of an event. The main goal is to get the individual to alter the way they think, feel, and behave towards their own experiences, situations, and problems affecting them in their life. It engages clients in making sense of their narrative stories by externalizing the client quote s problem, Re-authoring the Story, and by providing a context for the new story. par The 6 Principles used in a Powerful transformative session are Dialectic and Paradoxical, Synergic, Symbolic, Holistic, Heroic and Pragmatic. Narrative therapy has a different kind of theory as it seeks to be a respectful, non-blaming approach to counseling and community work, which mainly focuses on the person being the expert in their own lives. Narrative therapy views the problem separately from the person and assures people have the skills, beliefs, values and abilities to reduce problems that occur in their lives. In essence, within a narrative therapy approach, the focus is not on experts solving problems, it is on people discovering through conversation, within themselves and hidden unseen story lines. Narrative therapy as been proven to be successful when used within individuals experiencing deep grief, with children experiencing problems , In group Mediation sessions, In Family therapy, with individuals who were sexually abused, with individuals who have Anxiety disorders or eating disorders- anorexia/bulimia, as well as Coaching teams and athlete. par Unfortunately this theoretical approach has some weakness when used with certain family situations. This approach is not Applicable to all problems . It Does not consider the root ldblquote cause dblquote of the problems and it can be vague when understanding of how problems developed. It also Holds a constructionist belief that there are no absolute truths but only socially sanctioned points of view. Therefore; therapist are Concerned that Narrative therapy are made to be lquote gurus quote , especially since its leading proponents tend to be overly harsh. Despite being a widely used approach, particularly when combined with other therapeutic approaches . Narrative Therapy has certain boundaries and limitations. In many occasions, diverse clients may expect the therapist to act as the expert, instead of having to lquote conduct quote the conversation themselves. For this reason, Narrative Therapy can be challenging when the individual is not articulate. Lack of confidence, intellectual capacity and other issues could also undermine the expression of the individual through a narrative. Another common boundary of Narrative Therapy is the lack of recipe, agenda or formula. This approach is grounded in a philosophical framework, and sometimes can become a particularly subjective or widely interpretative process. par pardfi360par }

User Manual for Marymount Online Functions Assignment

User Manual for Marymount Online Functions - Assignment Example It is intended for students who have not explored the various functions, features, and terminology and course registration process of the online application software. This manual focuses on the function of how to obtain Marynet, Grades for 14/SP. Several requirements are needed to be able to use this manual. You will need either a PC, Laptop, Tablet or a smartphone with an installed adobe program that will allow you to read this manual. No additional programs and software is needed. Most importantly, you will need to have internet connection to be able to access the online application. The sections and topics in this manual are interelated, therefore, you should read and understand preceding topics and sections consecutively. It is also recommended that you read the manual keenly understanding all the procedures accurately. For better understanding, most procedures have been illustrated using screenshots and pictures alongside their descriptions. Should you have any additional questions and clarifications, the FAQ section answers soe of the common questions . New and custom terms unique to this manual have also been defined and explained in the glosary. Before you can be able to perform any functions in the online application, you must log in to the system. To do so use the following address to open the login web page: https://bb.marymount.edu . Simply click on the link to be able to log in. The following webpage will appear. Type your user name and password on this screen then click login to log in to the system. In case you experience any problems while logging, such as forgetting your password, simply click the â€Å"Reset My Marymount Password† link. Once you login you will be able to access the Main Menu from where you can select the actions you wish to perform. The following screen appears that will allow you to select the appropriate function to perform. After selecting

Stress From Life Events Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Stress From Life Events - Essay Example These habits are what majorly lead to some of the illnesses associated with stress for example smoking as a habit leading to lung or throat cancers. With the current stress rating levels, one would require significant social support as a way of coping with the stress. Without this, it is possible for an individual to have constantly negative thoughts about the problems they are facing or pains they are undergoing. The thoughts on the long run develop such problems as headaches and or extreme migraines. A total count reading of 451 from Rahe’s assessment would probably indicate chronic stress. From scientific studies, chronic stress results in a boost in the catecholamine and suppressor T cells levels that lead to the lowering of the immune system. With a suppressed immune system, the body system is vulnerable to opportunistic infections such as viral and bacterial attacks. With these attacks probability of getting ill is substantially high. Development of ulcers is one of the few indicators that an individual is undergoing stress. Stress alters the concentration levels of the acids in the gut leading to peptic ulcers. This is possible as stress changes the way one’s body functions. Stress that usually affects the brain has its effects felt directly in the stomach as the brain, and the stomach are linked via exchange of chemicals and messages in the brain-gut- axis. With ulcers, uptake of food is usually hampered lowering the immune system of the body got from the foods. Being an asthmatic breathing difficulties are likely to be met. However, these can easily be checked if appropriate medical guidelines are followed. Stress causes the release of histamine in the blood among other chemicals. Histamine leads to allergic symptoms and it gets worse with high levels of histamine in the bloodstream. In asthmatics, it causes broncho- constriction, making breathing impossible. An asthmatic attack is thus probable. When having stress, the body ensures sugars are